Nonequilibrium Measurements of Free Energy Differences for Microscopically Reversible Markovian Systems
نویسنده
چکیده
Consider a classical system in contact with a constant temperature heat bath where some degree of freedom of the system can be controlled. Manipulation of this degree of freedom results in an expenditure of some amount of work, a change in the energy and free energy of the system, and an exchange of heat with the bath. Let 1 be a parameter specifying the current value of the controllable degree of freedom. We consider a process where A is switched between an initial and final value over some finite length of time. It has recently been shown(1,2) that the free energy difference, AF, between the equilibrium ensembles corresponding to the initial and final values of A can be related to an average of the amount of work, W, expended in this switching process. Specifically
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